Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociology series.

Language learning strategies: Instructional model for reading comprehension in the context of Lesson Study interdisciplinary strategy transfer

2024-09-11T04:24:00+00:00

The paper explores methodology of teaching language learning strategies to develop a teaching structure and a model for reading comprehension to address the issue of Kazakhstani learners’ reading skills in interdisciplinary context. Theoretical research methods, including analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, structural analysis and modeling were used to develop: 1) instructional structure of think aloud modeling on summarizing strategy, 2) taxonomy of cognitive, metacognitive, social and affective reading strategies in connection with think aloud questions and self-instruction statements, 3) contextualized Lesson Study research design, 4) relationship of differentiated and critical thinking methods with language learning strategies instructions, 5) hierarchical structure of three instructional models in relationship with one another. As a result, the instructional framework and model for teaching reading comprehension in the context of subject based Lesson Study interdisciplinary strategies transfer, the principles of teaching language learning strategies were developed. The model consists of five stages: pre-diagnostic, pre-teaching strategies, intervention stage focused on multi-cyclical Lesson Study process, post-diagnostic and knowledge construction stages. The framework serves as a roadmap for teachers to realize instructional teaching focused on reading strategies in the context of cross-curricular strategies transfer. The model is crucial to explore theoretical, methodological and methodical components of language learning strategies.

Creating psychological and pedagogical conditions for trilingual education at the university

2024-07-22T09:17:07+00:00

This scientific article is devoted to a theoretical study of the identification and creation of psychological and pedagogical conditions for trilingual education at a university. Trilingual education in Kazakhstan, characterized by the instruction in three languages (Kazakh, Russian and English), has gained significant attention for its potential to foster linguistic proficiency, cognitive flexibility, and intercultural competence among students. The theoretical framework of this study delves into the psychological and pedagogical conditions essential for the successful implementation of trilingual education within the university context. By examining existing research, educational theories, and psychological principles around the world, this study aims to elucidate the intricate conditions influencing the effectiveness of trilingual education programs as:

The formation of students' sustainable internal motivation for trilingual learning by creating a language communicative environment, adaptation to a multilingual environment, development of intercultural competence, psychological support for students;
The development and application of special teaching methods and technologies, creation of trilingual educational materials, the use of modern information and communication technologies, provision of a contextual environment for the practical use of languages.

The study was conducted on the basis of analytical and scientific literary sources of native and foreign pedagogy. The results of the questionnaire and research obtained allow us to draw conclusions about the importance of creating effective psychological and pedagogical conditions for successful trilingual education at a university, as well as to determine the most effective methods and approaches.

The importance of professional training of future teachers on the basis of dual training (experience of Germany and Kazakhstan)

2024-02-23T07:26:38+00:00

The article discusses the three-step problem of professional training of future teachers in the dual education system in Germany. A comparative analysis of the system of professional training of future teachers in the country will also be carried out. Based on this, the models of duality in the German system of training future teachers and its features are determined. The situation with the introduction of elements of dual training in the vocational education system of Kazakhstan will be described. Based on the analysis of the duality model in the system of training future teachers in Germany, scientific and methodological recommendations on the introduction of elements of dual training in the process of higher pedagogical education in Kazakhstan have been developed.

In the course of the study, we analyzed the process of professional training of future teachers in Germany. The first feature is that, based on its regulatory documents, professional training of future teachers is carried out not by specialties, but by Types. For example, the problem of training teachers of Type 6 was shown.

A comparative analysis of traditional and dual training in Germany and the Republic of Kazakhstan was also cconducted, as well as data on the introduction of elements of dual training aimed at changing the ideological and functional-didactic structure of the educational process in higher educational institutions were studied. Thus, it made it possible to draw conclusions by identifying the elements of dual training, which are reflected in the professional training of future teachers in Germany and Kazakhstan.

The specifics of working with the teaching class in the context of education profiling

2024-09-26T06:51:25+00:00

The article deals with the core problem of organizing work with the teaching class in the context of education profiling, taking into account the modern requirements of specialized training. The psychological and pedagogical assistance in the professional choice of high school students who have to decide on their future profession, choose the necessary subjects for final exams and an educational institution for future professional training is studied. It is noted that one of the key obstacles to the professional self-determination of adolescents is ignorance of all existing professions. Within the framework of this article, a description of the solution to this issue is given.

The article reveals the essential characteristics of the profilization of education, provides an analysis of professional self-determination based on modern scientific psychological and pedagogical literature. Within the framework of the research, professional self-determination is interpreted as the process of forming a person's attitude to professional activity and the way it is implemented through the coordination of personal and socio-professional needs.

This article presents the findings of the experimental project "Pedagogical class" implemented by the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Kokshetau University named after Sh. Ualikhanov for three years. The authors emphasize the need for a systematic and integrated approach to career guidance, taking into account individual characteristics, cultural and regional contexts, as well as modern requirements for vocational training. The analysis of the work on the implementation of the experimental project "Pedagogical Class" allows us to conclude that it is necessary to further develop the pedagogical profiling of students based on the application of new approaches, methods, forms of organization and techniques.

Correctional orientation of teaching students with writing disorders

2024-07-12T04:56:28+00:00

The most important task of the special education system is the inclusion of a child with disabilities in society, as well as preparing him/her for a more independent and self-sufficient life in society through correction. Correction is first of all, is a way to overcome psychophysical deficiencies by forming appropriate life qualities during the educational process or various types of activities. The effectiveness of correctional work is determined by comparing the standard and differences, taking into account age characteristics, gender, living conditions, dependencies, differentiation. The work is carried out according to the algorithm of correctional and pedagogical activity, taking into account the complexity of psychological and pedagogical conditions and socio-pedagogical factors. The problem of dysgraphy is one of the most urgent in modern speech therapy, despite a comprehensive study in various aspects. This is due to an increase in the number of students with writing disorders and complication of symptoms, as well as the prevalence of a form of speech pathology in students due to the psycho physiological structure of the writing process. Students with speech and writing disorders quickly become exhausted and fed up with any kind of activity. The task of the teacher is to link the perception of students with the existing ones and include them in the general process of thinking. The main link in teaching students with disabilities is summing up to a conclusion at each stage of the lesson, which is caused by the need to combine previous knowledge with subsequent ones. The submission of the material should take into account the step-by-step instructions for completing tasks.

Overview of methodological approaches and technologies of teaching programming in secondary schools

2024-02-18T08:55:59+00:00

In the era of continuous information boom, the task of revising school curricula becomes urgent. Programming brings elements of innovation and interactivity to the educational process, which not only makes learning fun, but also significantly improves its quality through the formation of deep and fundamental knowledge. This approach allows students not only to master modern technological skills, but also to develop critical thinking, the ability to analyze and solve complex problems, which is an integral part of the modern educational process. It is important that the updating of school programming programs is based on the latest achievements of science and technology and ensures the relevance of teaching to modern requirements. This means not only the introduction of new technical knowledge and skills, but also preparing students for successful adaptation and professional activity in an ever-evolving technological world. An approach emphasizing the importance of programming in school education should encourage not only technical literacy, but also a general culture of thinking, readiness for continuing education and professional growth. Teaching programming in schools is the key to developing the competencies necessary for a successful life and career in the modern world, which emphasizes the importance of practical application of knowledge and skills in real life.

As a result, the introduction of programming into the school curriculum not only meets the challenges of the information age, but also serves as the basis for the formation of a new generation of specialists capable of working effectively in a high-tech environment, possessing deep and generalized knowledge, ready for innovation and able to solve non-standard tasks.

Social portrait of primary class teachers, problems of training and improving their education

2024-05-20T10:33:00+00:00

The article analyzes the current state of primary school teachers in Kazakhstan and focuses on important aspects of their training and improvement of professional skills.

The social portrait of teachers, including those employed in primary schools, the training of prospective teachers, and the improvement of their professional competencies, serves to illustrate the relevance of this article. A comparative analysis of the educational programmes of universities and colleges in the training of primary school teachers has been conducted. The experience of scholars from a range of countries, both near and far, in the field of teacher training is considered. The ranking of higher education institutions based on the external assessment of the knowledge of primary school teachers is determined.

The primary school teachers' main problems have been investigated, and strategies and recommendations for improvement have been proposed.

A direct relationship has been revealed between the form of education in which the teacher studied at the university and his professional level. The educational programs of universities and colleges that train primary school teachers in our state were compared and studied. In order to ensure high-quality training of future teachers and improve the educational process in primary schools, special attention is paid to education and professional development methods. The research offers valuable suggestions and practical conclusions that can be useful to educational institutions, primary school teachers, as well as educational policy makers aimed at improving the quality of primary education in Kazakhstan.

Тhe relevance of the opening of the department of the specialty «Football coach» in universities of Kazakhstan

2024-01-29T10:08:58+00:00

Football is one of the most recognizable and dominant sports. Behind all the appeal of football is the hard work of the players and the entire football staff. Nevertheless, the coach bears full responsibility for the team and its performance.

A sports coach is a specialist who educates athletes and prepares them for competitions. The main purpose of the coach's work is to train high–class athletes capable of winning competitions of the highest rank. It is more important for the coach to preserve or even reform the personality of the ward, under intense loads, to influence the individuality of everyone in sports activities. The coach must know the training methodology, as well as the basics of physical education and biology. He should also be aware of what is happening in the world of sports.

In Kazakhstan football, at the present stage, there is a problem of a shortage of qualified coaches, especially in youth football. In the article, an attempt is made to solve this problem, in particular, the opening of "Football Coach" departments in universities of Kazakhstan, at the departments of "Physical Culture and Sports".

Transformation of traditional and innovative values of kazakhstani students: an ethnopedagogical analysis

2024-10-28T05:58:45+00:00

At present, in our society, as a result of changes in spiritual and moral values, new "values" are emerging that are alien to the previous generation. This circumstance requires considering ethnopedagogical education of youth and university students from a new angle. However, this shift often overlooks traditional spiritual and moral values such as patriotism, respect for the native language, national culture, history, and traditions, as well as showing deference to elders. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the systematic consideration of theoretical and practical issues of ethnopedagogical education and ideological work of students in higher education institutions of the country in the process of education.

In this direction, the aim of the study is to determine the main functions and directions of the development of national education on the basis of analysing the trends in the development of ethnopedagogical science in Kazakhstan. Special attention in the study was paid to the ethnopedagogical views of the nation's intellectuals of the early XXI century. Traditional values were considered through the life, creativity and educational activities of great figures of the Kazakh people. The research is of great practical importance. The results of the analysis of transformation of traditional and innovative values of students contribute to the development of national ethnopedagogy curricula in a new direction.

Innovative technologies for teaching higher mathematics using artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the career prospects of future IT personnel

2024-11-04T12:25:15+00:00

In the context of the rapid development of information technology and the growing demand for highly qualified IT specialists, the education system is faced with the need to adapt its methods and approaches. One of the promising areas is the use of innovative technologies, in particular artificial intelligence (AI), for teaching higher mathematics. This approach is aimed at improving the efficiency of the educational process and strengthening the career prospects of future IT personnel. This article discusses the possibilities and advantages of introducing AI into the learning process of higher mathematics. In particular, the use of intelligent systems for the personalization of the educational process, the creation of adaptive training programs and the development of automated tools for knowledge assessment is analyzed. This allows not only to increase the level of assimilation of complex mathematical concepts, but also to develop critical thinking and analytical skills in students, which is extremely important for their successful careers in the IT field. Special attention is paid to the development of soft skills, such as teamwork, creativity and the ability to solve non-standard tasks that can be integrated into the learning process through AI. Thus, AI becomes not only a tool for improving mathematical training, but also a means of forming competencies that are in demand in the labor market. The study also highlights the importance of creating integrated educational platforms that will allow students to interact with AI technologies in real time, receiving instant feedback and recommendations to improve their knowledge. The introduction of such technologies contributes to the creation of a more flexible and effective educational environment, which ultimately increases the competitiveness of graduates in the labor market.

The importance of organizing educational work with gifted students

2024-11-18T05:10:59+00:00

The article reflects the definitions given to the concept of the importance of organizing educational work with gifted students, and the process of identifying giftedness in the age group considered by scientists.

In accordance with a number of definitions, the issues of giftedness, a gifted student, the identification of giftedness and the definition of the basic concept of judgment, consideration and definition of giftedness in general, and argumentation are highlighted.

The article also emphasizes that early identification, education and upbringing of gifted and talented students is one of the main tasks of improving their education system, that the creative thinking of a gifted student is abnormally unusual, that it is necessary to have certain directions that teachers should follow in the formation of giftedness and talent of a gifted student, adapting them to the environment. The importance of organizing educational work with gifted students lies in the fact that education should be aimed at supporting and developing the giftedness of children who need special knowledge for education, the progress of the analysis of scientific literature by scientists in determining the inquisitive abilities of students is described.

At the same time, in the course of determining the importance of organizing educational work with gifted students, scientific research was carried out on the work of scientists, a theoretical concept was developed and a conclusion was presented.

Theoretical foundations for the development of legal culture of future teacher-psychologists

2024-12-07T14:28:13+00:00

This article extensively discusses the importance and theoretical foundations of developing legal culture among future educators-psychologists. Legal culture is understood as a system of values and principles that shape the legal consciousness of an individual and regulate their behavior in society according to legal norms. The article emphasizes that the process of legal education and training is a key aspect of the professional activity of future educators-psychologists, as legal culture promotes the observance of legality and the assurance of justice in their work.

The study explores the pedagogical and psychological aspects of legal culture, identifying effective ways to shape legal consciousness in future professionals. The authors pay special attention to the role of social and psychological factors in the development of legal culture, highlighting the significance of legal education in professional preparation. The article thoroughly analyzes the methods and approaches used to develop legal culture, which contributes to enhancing the legal literacy and professional level of future specialists.

In conclusion, the article discusses the contribution of legal culture to the professional and personal development of future educators-psychologists, as well as its role in strengthening legal order in society. The research demonstrates the need for a comprehensive approach to the development of legal culture and helps to gain a deeper understanding of the issues of nurturing future professionals as full-fledged members of society.

Solving differential equations using the MathCAD application software package describing physical phenomena

2024-02-21T04:55:47+00:00

Educational materials related to differential equations are included in the last chapter of mathematics in high school updated content of secondary education. Currently, the teaching methodology of the chapter "Differential Equations" is in a state of formation. The article examines the ways of using computer technology in teaching this chapter. The MathCAD application software package was chosen as a computer technology tool.

Our research reveals the applied issues of differential equations in the process of teaching school mathematics and the principle of interdisciplinary communication between mathematics and physics. The process of solving differential equations using the MathCAD package forms students' skills in using computer technology. In the process of using the MathCAD package, students are trained to create computer programs necessary to obtain a graphical and numerical solution of a differential equation. Examples of solving linear differential equations describing physical phenomena using the MathCAD package are considered. Differential equations characterizing the motion of a body in a viscous medium, the states of vibrational harmonic and damped oscillations are investigated. A program has been developed in the MathCAD environment for solving these differential equations and a technology for their application has been created.

The article also discusses the algorithm for using the MathCAD application software package for solving differential equations.

Analysing STEM female graduates’ early career adaptation in Kazakhstan

2024-07-10T16:31:51+00:00

This article presents the results of a study based on social-cognitive career theory to analyze the early labor adaptation experiences of female graduates from STEM fields. The data was collected with the help of 24 semi-structured interviews with recent female graduates of STEM specialties. Data analysis showed that women's organizational integration and adaptation are constrained by resurgent patriarchal gender expectations and persistent gender expectations. At the same time, the neoliberal policies of the government are creating opportunities for women to play a more active role in managing their careers and in transforming social reality.

Experience in technological support and support of multi-age education in a small school using collective classes

2024-10-16T17:21:06+00:00

The article reveals the practice of multi-age education in a small school (hereinafter SMS) using collective classes, which has proven itself in the experience of teachers of East Kazakhstan and Pavlodar regions; traditional approaches to the organization of the educational process in primary, middle and senior grades, multi-age interaction in combined classes, its advantages and disadvantages are considered; An innovative type of education is proposed, based on the rejection of the class-based system and the transition to collective learning of different ages, the features of the introduction of collective learning activities, the technological process in age groups (AGD). Multi-age education allows you to overcome these problems. It provides a systematic connection of the entire educational process, since children of different ages and classes study in the same study group. Teachers should use more effective methods and forms of education, take into account the individual characteristics, capabilities and needs of each student, and ensure that learning is connected with life. This allows students of different ages to communicate with each other, learn from each other, organize joint activities of students of different ages, provide them with a deeper assimilation of the material and get a more complete understanding of the material being studied.

Formation of national values of teenagers through extracurricular activities

2024-05-27T15:19:19+00:00

The article examines in detail the possibilities of forming national values of adolescents through extracurricular activities. The article was based on approved state regulatory documents aimed at the formation of national values among schoolchildren. The work of domestic and foreign scientists who studied such key concepts as "national values" and "extracurricular activities" in the framework of social sciences such as pedagogy, psychology, sociology, etc. is also analyzed. The directions and forms of extracurricular activities are considered. According to the age periodization of D. B. Elkonin, a characteristic of adolescence has been developed. In the practical part of the scientific article, the issues of determining the initial level of national values of adolescents (students of grades 7-11) and their effective formation were analyzed. The practical work included the stages of identification, formation, and control. At the stage of identification by means of diagnostic techniques "Unfinished sentence", "Picture stories", the initial level of national values of students was determined. At the formative stage, a short- term project was created and tested, organized with the aim of forming national values of adolescents through extracurricular activities. In order to determine the effectiveness of the project at the control stage of practice, the methods of diagnosis and analysis of situational issues by M. Rokich "Definition of value orientation" were used. In accordance with the results of the methods, the effectiveness of the short-term project was evaluated at the control stage and conclusions were drawn on the research work.

Aspects of teacher-psychologist training for professional adaptation in an inclusive educational environment

2024-04-02T09:44:44+00:00

The article deals with the aspects of preparation teacher-psychologist training for professional adaptation in an inclusive educational environment. Scientific and pedagogical research on the problem of inclusive education, the process of personality formation, adaptation to the profession are analysed. It is necessary to consider the research in the study of conditions of inclusive education in higher education institutions, as well as in the disclosure of the main content of the problem of preparation of a teacher- psychologist to professional adaptation to the inclusive educational environment. Professional development of teacher- psychologists directly depends on their satisfaction with professional achievements and personality type in the professional sphere. In order to study this problem, to identify the problems of inclusive education in the university and to determine the main content of the problem of preparation of teacher- psychologists to professional adaptation to an inclusive educational environment among students, the method of multifactor personality research of R. Kettel (16PF - questionnaire) was conducted. The purpose of this research methodology is to identify the diagnostic characteristics of the study and differentiation of conditions of inclusive education. This article presents research work conducted among students on the issues of professional adaptation in higher education and their results.

Development of students' creativity using coaching technologies

2024-10-31T07:14:52+00:00

In the article, one of the pressing issues in modern creativity research is the formation of creativity in students with the help of coaching technologies, in connection with the question of whether creativity can be taught. In this regard, in the higher education system, research is being conducted on the formation of creativity in students through the use of coaching technologies, its analysis and presentation of the results. The study was conducted on the basis of the South Kazakhstan University named after M. Auezov. The results obtained prove that future teachers of higher educational institutions do not pay enough attention to the issues of developing creativity through the use of coaching technology, and that the use of this coaching technology gives positive results. Based on the conducted empirical research, the authors also identified contradictions in the assessment of creativity by modern scientists students. This opens up prospects for creating a multicomponent model of students creativity, which should be constantly updated. As a result of this study, a conclusion is made about the need for teachers to use coaching technology and that the study takes into account only individual factors influencing creativity, and special attention should be paid to the formation and development of creativity of future teachers. Coaching is a method of teaching and consulting in which the teacher helps the learner not only focus on a specific, clearly defined professional or life goal, but also achieve it. The proposed methodology has high research potential and can be used in vocational education programs.

Multiculturalism in the cultural practices of everyday life (сase of Kazakhstan)

2024-08-29T09:07:31+00:00

The processes of globalization and increased intercultural interaction have led to the problem of reintegration of modern national communities, and today scientists are looking for adequate models for it.

The work aims to analyze citizens' everyday multicultural practices as a resource of civic identity. The object is the everyday multicultural practices on the KAZNET network. The subject of the study is the features of consumer, linguistic, and artistic practices of the country's citizens in the media space of KAZNET, which symbolically reflect the identity of citizens, formed based on intercultural interaction. Empirical tools use the method of qualitative content analysis of media data of cultural practices.

This study makes contributions to the existing academic debate on multiculturalism by anticipating arguments related to social leadership concepts. Analyzing the problem of multiculturalism in the context of the problem of integration of modern national communities, we raise the question of the possible role of multicultural practices in supporting the integration discourse of modern national communities.

The results of the study can be used to develop state cultural policy strategies, as well as in educational institutions to formulate courses aimed at developing intercultural dialogue.

Prerequisites for Student Entrepreneurship Development: Sociological Survey Results

2024-09-07T11:20:07+00:00

Currently youth entrepreneurship plays an important role both economically and socially. Support and encouragement of this type of entrepreneurship can be important factors for achieving both sustainable economic growth and social development, as well as for the development of innovation in the country. This article presents the results of a sociological survey conducted on students enrolled in non-economic degree programmes at metropolitan universities. The aim of the empirical research is to study the quantitative and qualitative parameters of entrepreneurial potential in the structure of Kazakhstani student youth. The methodological and theoretical basis of the research were classical and modern theories and concepts of entrepreneurship, which were described in the works of Western, Russian, and Kazakhstani scientists. The scientific interest of this article lies in the study of the prerequisites for the youth entrepreneurship development from the point of view of the sociological approach. Analysis of the research results showed that the motivational and personal characteristics of students correspond to the characteristics-identifiers of entrepreneurship. However, in Kazakhstan, an entrepreneurial culture has not been formed and will not be formed yet, so the issue of the lack of demand for the innovative potential of young people is acute.

Participation in demonstrations and civic engagement: case of Kazakhstan

2024-06-17T07:39:09+00:00

This article reveals the political participation of Kazakh citizens (i.e. participation in demonstrations and contacting the government) by differentiating rural and urban citizens. Previous scholars mainly focused on possible reasons why Kazakh people participate in politics and mainly related it to socio-economic conditions, the political system and corruption in the country. However, the existing literature pays insufficient attention to urban- rural disparities. This study attempts to identify the main factors that influence Kazakh citizens’ political participation. Moreover, it compares and contrasts the political participation among rural citizens with their urban counterparts. The results suggest that internet usage and education have statistically significant impact on intention to contact the government in both urban and rural areas. With regards to participation in demonstrations, internet usage and satisfaction with the political system play a significant role in all sampling units. Interestingly, religiosity of urban residents is positively correlated with both contacting the government and participation in demonstrations. In contrast to rural residents, the educated urban middle class is less likely to attend demonstrations.

Sociological analysis of parental attitudes towards youth educational choice

2024-09-26T12:30:44+00:00

The study of parental influence is contextualized within their significance in understanding youth aspirations in education. The experiences and attitudes of parents regarding higher education affect the youth choice. In the process of educational selection, young people are guided by their parents' advice and take into account the socio-economic opportunities of the family. The article explores the influence of parents on educational choice of youth. Data from interview conducted with the parents of high school graduates are presented. The sample size is 100 respondents. The results indicate a correlation between the parents' level of education, place of residence, family socio-economic status, and the educational choices of youth. Youth whose parents have higher level of education are oriented towards not only higher education but also postgraduate education. Youth from families with lower levels of education consider vocational training as well. Place of residence is also significant. In smaller towns, the choice of profession is highly influenced not only by parents but also by kinship. In larger cities, the circle of people involved in the professional choice narrows to the family level. The findings contribute to deeper understanding of role of parental influence in the educational choice process. The practical significance of this research is determined by the provision of data that can be used to improve counseling programs for better interaction between schools and parents, and to raise awareness of the importance of parental involvement in the youth's choice of higher education.

Trends in the internal migration process in Kazakhstan

2024-11-03T20:33:48+00:00

The article examines the main causes of internal migration of young people in Kazakhstan. Special attention is paid to the study of factors contributing to the internal migration of young people. The analysis was based on research currently conducted among internally displaced youth. According to the results of the survey, the main causes affecting internal migration have been identified, and the main trends have been formulated. Migration processes contribute to the explanation of the factors and causes affecting intraregional and interregional migration.

This article discusses labor migration, especially youth, since most migrants are young people between the ages of 15 and 35. The number of migrants is growing every year. Migration processes create and prevent a number of ethnosocial problems in other ethnic environments, such as parallel cultures and parallel societies.

Today, models of permanent migration of young people are gradually replacing the practices of temporary and circular movements. In a wide range of areas of public life regulated by the activities of the state, migration policy is one of the most difficult problems for our country. Youth migration is, first of all, a separate independent area of research related to its education. By the time the initial decision to migrate for education was made, attention is gradually shifting to the youngest generation. Such a decision has a huge impact both on the future life of a young person and on the spatial distribution of human capital in general. Competition for the best youth is becoming an important factor in the development of regions.

Women's decision-making practices: from forced childlessness to voluntary childlessness

2024-09-26T12:14:45+00:00

The article examines the phenomenon of women choosing voluntary childlessness in the context of Kazakh society. The article employs both empirical and theoretical evidence, the article examines how vulnerable the choice of voluntary childlessness is to social stigma in Kazakh society, where "motherhood" is considered mandatory, and how this affects women's daily lives.

The study is based on a targeted quota sample of 15 women from Kazakhstan aged 20 to 55 who consider themselves voluntarily childless. The “snowbal” method was used to form the sample.

The practical significance of the research results is based on women's decisions regarding the factors contributing to childlessness: the advantages of voluntary childlessness, the reasons for choosing childlessness were considered. At the same time, the study showed the variability of women's decisions to be childless depending on their age, marital status, health, level of education, and professional activity. A deep understanding of the phenomenon of voluntary childlessness ("childfree") in Kazakhstani society gives grounds to assume that it is possible to change life scenarios based on childlessness, and in the process of development as a person, childlessness is replaced by the parameter of forming a traditional family and rethinking the image of the world.

Role of Western vs. Russian Social Media Use in Government Trust in Former Soviet Countries

2024-09-27T11:31:01+00:00

The ability of governments to maintain power significantly relies on their capacity to manage information flow to the public. While these governments have traditionally controlled conventional media, the rise of social media has presented new challenges. This study uses representative survey data to examine how different social media platforms, specifically Facebook and VKontakte, influence public trust in central and local government in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Georgia. Research has shown that in these contexts, Facebook tends to carry counter-government messaging, whereas the Russian platform VKontakte disseminates pro-government content. This divergence leads to differing relationships between trust in government based on platform usage. Our results show that Facebook usage is negatively associated with trust in central and local government in these countries, while VKontakte usage generally has the opposite effect. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the nuanced roles that social media platforms play in shaping political attitudes and trust in government in former Soviet countries.

A review of research on the role of women in family business

2024-11-08T06:52:09+00:00

The decades of the 20th century were characterised by a multitude of global phenomena. Furthermore, this period saw the influx of women into the labour market and their subsequent integration as self-employed individuals. The significance of this issue is evident when viewed in the context of a re-evaluation of conventional notions regarding the role of women in society and the economy. Until recently, in sociological literature, the role of women in the development process was primarily examined through the lens of their reproductive function or contribution to labor resources, while their economic potential was largely overlooked. The contribution of women to the labour force was regarded as insignificant and informal. The societal attitudes towards women's labour are shaped by historical dependence on men, limited access to creativity, power and capital, and various forms of discrimination. This article presents a review of research on the role of women in family businesses in the context of sociological science. It begins with a definition of the term "family business" and then emphasises the role of women in this sphere from the perspective of different sociological approaches. Subsequently, the research literature on this topic in domestic, Russian, and foreign sociological science was analysed. Additionally, the article discusses the challenges women face in family businesses and the factors that contribute to their involvement in this field.

The role of women in family businesses is becoming a subject of increasing interest within the academic community, and there has been a notable increase in their influence on the success and sustainability of organisations. The advancement of leadership abilities, accessibility to resources and endorsement of their involvement in business operations serve to reinforce the tenets of family entrepreneurship.

Socio-economic indicators of the population of the West Kazakhstan region: results of a sociological study

2024-08-28T08:24:28+00:00

The socio-economic characteristics of a population describe the social and economic living conditions of people in a particular country, region, or community. These characteristics include indicators such as income, education, employment, access to medical services, housing, pension and social benefits, as well as other factors that affect the quality of life of the population. The purpose of this article is to study the relationship of certain indicators of the quality of life of the designated region. The method of data collection is an individual standardized survey using a programmed questionnaire in a special program, the survey covered 400 respondents living in cities and villages of the Western region of Kazakhstan. The sample represents the population in terms of the main socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, level of education, nationality, marital status, employment). The study shows that certain indicators of quality of life indicate that there is no gap in some socio-economic characteristics between urban and rural settlements. The scientific significance of the work consists in expanding the understanding of the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of a certain region in the context of the administrative classification of settlements – types of settlements of the Kazakh society, which provides the basis for the implementation of measures to improve the quality of life of the population, which is the practical significance of the work. It is of interest to comprehensively study and conduct different studies of life in villages and cities of Kazakhstan, respectively, objectively inform the population about the disadvantages and advantages of living in villages, as well as the opportunities provided by rural life.

The impact of doctor-patient interaction on trust formation: a sociological analysis

2024-09-26T12:22:33+00:00

The article discusses that the interaction and alignment between doctor and patient significantly impact the level of patient trust. Direct communication with the doctor directly contributes to strengthening this trust, but it also influences it indirectly through the coordination of actions and understanding between both parties. The relationship between doctor and patient plays a key role in medical practice and is a central element of the healthcare system, affecting social stability, harmony, and public health. These relationships also significantly influence patient adherence to treatment, their participation in shared decision-making, and the overall treatment outcomes.

Effective doctor-patient communication is determined by the doctor's ability to perform medical tasks proficiently, such as taking medical history, explaining diagnoses, providing treatment recommendations, and offering counseling. Good interaction improves doctor-patient relationships, increasing patient satisfaction.

The study of doctor-patient relationships is necessary and relevant, since the quality of medical care depends on it. Effective communication and trust affect patient compliance with recommendations, reduction of medical errors and improvement of overall well-being. In the context of the growth of chronic diseases and active implementation of technologies such as telemedicine, understanding these relationships is becoming key to optimizing treatment, increasing patient satisfaction and the effectiveness of healthcare in general.

The purpose of this scientific article is to study the mechanism of the impact of doctor-patient interaction on the level of patient trust and to assess the influence of demographic factors on doctor-patient communication. Since effective communication between a doctor and a patient helps to increase this trust.

Prison systems and HIV: How social work contributes to improving the quality of life of prisoners

2024-09-26T12:42:39+00:00

This article is dedicated to the study of the role of social work within the penitentiary system in the context of supporting HIV-positive inmates. The focus of the research is on social work aimed at improving the quality of life for this vulnerable group. The problem lies in the high prevalence of HIV infection among prisoners and the limited access to medical services in correctional facilities. The study also examines barriers such as stigmatization and discrimination, which exacerbate the situation of HIV-positive inmates by restricting their access to necessary resources. The article employs methods of systematic literature review, including an analysis of international standards and best practices in social work within correctional institutions. The main findings indicate that effective social work programs can significantly reduce stigma, improve adherence to treatment, and facilitate the successful reintegration of inmates after release. The article provides recommendations for the development of comprehensive social work programs in Kazakhstan’s correctional facilities, aimed at improving access to healthcare services, psychosocial support, and preparing HIV-positive inmates for reintegration into society. Special attention is given to the need for increased funding and better training of social workers to effectively address the issue of HIV within the penitentiary system. As shown in the study, the prison environment has a significant impact on the health of inmates, including their ability to recover and reintegrate. The research emphasizes that access to natural light, adequate acoustic conditions, and contact with nature can greatly improve the mental and physical well-being of inmates, which in turn can enhance the effectiveness of social work programs aimed at supporting HIV-positive inmates. These factors must be considered when developing and implementing social work programs in Kazakhstan’s penitentiary system. Furthermore, a multidisciplinary approach that combines perspectives from public health, criminal justice, and social work is necessary for the development and implementation of successful HIV prevention and treatment initiatives in correctional facilities.

Resolution of conflict situations in the labor sphere

2024-01-04T07:26:34+00:00

Interpersonal conflicts in the workplace represent a significant source of stress that causes suffering, because they lead to the contesting of certain resources belonging to employees, or they are also rooted in the threat or loss of certain resources. The purpose of the research work is to analyze the actions of a third party that impedes the organization's ability to limit the occurrence of conflicts, punishable practices, and limit the individual and collective consequences of such behavior when they occur. The results and practical recommendations presented in the paper can be used in the work of management bodies, become the basis of lecture courses for management personnel on conflict management training in organizations, and also be used as a training manual for seminars. The results of the study provide recommendations for various levels of conflict prevention and resolution mechanisms at various levels within an organisational setting. The integration of conflict prevention mechanisms is crucial for minimising the hidden costs associated with conflict within organisations. Our review of the scientific literature shows that this is extremely relevant, since conflicts involve hidden, but high costs, and that any organization will benefit if it takes this issue into its own hands. Faced with the growing restrictions imposed on workers, the reduction of their autonomy and the collapse of labor collectives, workers need help. The proposed mechanisms and methods in the article provide such assistance, providing both a "valve" for mitigating painful events, and friendly listening, as well as a set of tools for improving organizational life.

Assessing psychological image of the ideal teacher and real teacher among pedagogical students with semantic differential

2024-10-03T06:16:57+00:00

The present study aims to provide observational evidence on the differences of perception of the ideal and real teachers among 1-year and final- year students. Although numerous studies have delved into students' general attitudes towards teachers, research specifically focusing on real and ideal images using Osgood’s semantic differential method towards teachers remains scarce. After completing the translation and adaptation processes, the inventory was distributed to a total of 75 (10 males, 65 females) first year and final year undergraduate students majoring in Pedagogy and Psychology across the university in Astana, Kazakhstan. Of these, 50 were first-year students and 25 were final-year students.

A factor analysis was carried out to investigate and compare the factors across semantic differential scales of chosen 19 bipolar adjectives. Based on the descriptive factor analyses (SPSS), it was evident that the students of both categories perceived the image of real and ideal teachers differently in terms of their expectations, heightened emotional resonance, importance of communication competences and evaluation. The result of the study can be used for curriculum development and teaching practices, where it is of great importance to investigate both students’ and teacher’s perception of the teaching-learning process.

The ICUP Model for Psychology Education

2024-11-18T04:47:41+00:00

This paper presents the development and implementation of the International Competency Model for Undergraduate Psychology Students (ICUP). In particular, it emphasizes how the goals and content of the project development activities, organisational, managerial and other operational aspects of this project are developed and structured. It argues the importance of creating task- specific small groups and provides the following recommendations for effective project implementation: evidence-based theory; using competency frameworks; ensuring incentives are in place; creating a plan; creating multiple engagement mechanisms; a commitment to ongoing development of cultural responsiveness; fostering openness to using new technology tools; and establishing formal and informal mechanisms for external and internal process review. The significance of the developing model of competencies for psychology students project enebles in creating or revising the content of educational programmes for the formation of basic psychological competencies at the undergraduate level.

Emotıonal ıntellıgence as a strategy to prevent teacher burnout

2024-10-17T03:51:17+00:00

Emotional intelligence (EI) is a form of social intelligence that enables individuals to recognize and understand their own emotions as well as the emotions of others. Emotional intelligence, the ability to use one’s emotions to guide thoughts and actions, is seen as a valuable personal asset that can help individuals cope with stress and prevent burnout. Burnout is a psychological condition characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment. The syndrome can have detrimental effects on both individuals and organizations, especially in high-demand professions such as teaching. Teachers face numerous challenges and demands in their work, including large class sizes, curriculum changes, and resource constraints. These challenges can hurt teachers’ motivation, performance, and overall well-being. Therefore, teachers must develop and improve their EI skills so that they can effectively manage their emotions and stress. The purpose of this article is to explore the existing literature on teacher EI and burnout and suggest strategies for improving EI in educational settings. The following topics are addressed in this article: the concept of EI, the relationship between EI and burnout, methodological principles for conducting research in this area, and suggestions and recommendations for improving EI and reducing teacher burnout.

Adaptation of the Muslim religiosity scale in Kazakhstan

2024-06-03T06:22:54+00:00

The article is devoted to the adaptation of the Muslim religiosity scale (MRS) in Kazakhstan. The relevance of the study is that there is a need for instruments to measure the religiosity level among Muslims, given the lack of standardized methods. Psychodiagnostic tools for measuring the level of religiosity are mainly developed for Christian denominations. These diagnostic tools for measuring the level of religiosity of Christian denominations are not applicable to Muslims. The article touches upon the problems of measurable criteria for the level of human religiosity, as well as the development of standardized methods and techniques in the Kazakh population.

The article presents the main literature data on this problem. 226 people participated in the study. The results of the application of the scale of Muslim religiosity in the Kazakh sample are analyzed. The article also presents the results of comparing the level of religiosity of Muslims in Iran and Kazakhstan. The obtained results of the comparative analysis indicate a low level of religiosity in the Kazakh sample. A brief description of the scale of Muslim religiosity is also presented. The article presents the results of a study of the reliability of the scale.

The results of the psychometric study are based on a representative sample of respondents in Russian. The Cronbach's alpha (0.876) of the Muslim religiosity scale indicates a high level of internal consistency, consistency and reliability of the test questions. The obtained results of the approbation of the Muslim scale of religiosity in the Kazakh sample indicate its practical suitability for use in scientific research.

Peculiarities of relations between spouses with different types of religious orientation in an interethnic marriage

2024-10-18T16:17:14+00:00

The article presents an analysis of the nature of relationships between spouses of different nationalities. The relevance of the study is due to the high level of interethnic marriages in our country and in the world as a whole. The purpose of the study is to study the psychological characteristics and problems of marital relations in interethnic marriages, where the spouses are representatives of different types of religious orientation. Nationality and type of religious orientation of the spouses are presented as independent variables of the study. The subject of analysis is the psychological characteristics of marital relations in interethnic marriages with spouses of different faiths. The methodological basis of the empirical study is the activity principle (S.L. Rubinstein, A.N. Leontiev, etc.), the principle of systemic determination and analysis (L.S. Vygotsky, B.F. Lomov, etc.), and the personal approach (S.L. Rubinstein, B.G. Ananyev, etc.). The empirical program included an analysis of the results using the technique "Role Expectations and Claims in Marriage" by A.N. Volkova; the method "Communication in the Family" by Yu.E. Aleshina, L.Ya. Gozman, E.M. Dubovskaya; the method "The Nature of Interaction of Spouses in Conflict Situations" by Yu.E. Aleshina, L.Ya. Gozman, E.M. Dubovskaya. To determine the religious orientation of the spouses, the "Religious Orientation Questionnaire" by I.M. Bogdanovskaya and the "Religious Orientation Scale" by G. Allport, D. Ross were used.

This research topic is interdisciplinary and includes aspects of social psychology, family psychology, ethnopsychology. The results of the study emphasize the importance of determining the type of religiosity of each of the spouses in the study of the characteristics of marital relationships and solving issues of disruption of the marital interaction system within the framework of family counseling.

The influence of child-parent relations on coping strategies in the mother-daughter dyad

2024-06-06T19:04:00+00:00

According to an analysis of scientific literature in the field of developmental psychology, the maternal role occupies a dominant position in the formation of a stable psyche of the child. However, it is the mother-daughter dyad that has its own distinctive form of intimacy compared to other dyads. The experience of a daughter’s relationship with her mother influences the ability to cope with certain stressful situations in teenage girls and also contributes to the formation of the daughter’s assertive behavior and self-esteem. Our article is devoted to the problem of relationships in the mother-daughter dyad, as a factor influencing the daughters’ choice of coping strategies in stressful situations. The work describes the attitudes, behavior and methods of raising mothers through the eyes of their daughters, and also presents the features of girls’ use of certain types of overcoming behavior. A correlation analysis of the connections between parent-child relationships and coping strategies of adolescents is represented by the Pearson correlation: psychological acceptance on the part of the mother affects the search for support in stressful situations; strong control, strictness and distant position of the mother leads to avoidance in difficult situations in teenage girls.

The relationship between supervisor and doctoral student: validation of a measurement scale

2024-08-27T12:43:30+00:00

The relationship between supervisor and doctoral student is a key factor determining the successful completion of dissertation research. In the context of growing competition and demands on the quality of doctoral education, it is important to have objective and reliable tools for measuring the relationship between supervisors and doctoral students. The present study is aimed to develop and validate a measurement scale to assess the experience of doctoral students and doctoral graduates' relationship with a supervisor, including reliability testing and identification of factor structure. Eighty- five respondents, including doctoral students, PhDs, and non-doctoral graduates, participated in the study. The methodology included descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha of 0.94 statistic and factor analysis. The results of the study allowed us to identify three latent components that became the basis for the development of scales describing respondents' impressions of their experiences with their supervisor in the period of study. The main aspects were positive experiences of research collaboration, provided support and negative aspects of cooperation (including overload work of doctoral students). The results obtained indicate the promising psychometric properties of the presented scale and validity indicators. The practical significance of the study is that the scale for assessing the experience of the relationship with the supervisor can be used as a tool for monitoring the quality of academic supervision, as well as the development of educational strategies aimed at improving the interaction between supervisors and doctoral students, which will contribute to minimizing conflicts and the successful implementation of dissertation research.

The study of psychological defense mechanisms and coping as a subjective regulator of personality behavior

2024-10-16T20:26:57+00:00

The article analyzes the common issues between the mechanisms of psychological protection and coping behavior. The subject-regulatory components of the mechanisms of psychological protection and coping activity of the individual are determined. The purpose of the article is to identify priority strategies for psychological protection and coping using psychoanalytic methodologies. The goal is realized through the following tasks: first, a theoretical and methodological analysis of the mechanisms of psychological protection and the concepts of coping; secondly, the identification of priority strategies for psychological defense mechanisms and coping using the method of diagnosis of psychological defense mechanisms proposed by V.V. Boyko; Thirdly, the study of the relationship between protective mechanisms and coping strategies in the adaptation of a person to a difficult life situation.

A theoretical review of modern psychological research has been conducted, and the practical significance of the topic has been clarified. In particular, the works of foreign scientists E. Grebot, B. Paty, N. Girard, Giuseppe M. and Perry J. are considered. Russian scientists Krot A., Sokolova A., Kazakh researchers Baitemirova K., Lazareva E. Kusainova A., Nurgalieva S. and others, summarized the general opinions. It is established that, in general, the mechanism of psychological protection and coping strategies are studied as psychotechnics of communicative behavior.

The results of the study showed that the protective mechanisms and coping actions of a person in a given situation are interrelated as subjective regulatory components of behavior. They contribute to a complete understanding of the patterns of self-regulation of personality behavior in any life situation. The reflections in the content of the article can be used in practice in the course of psychological counseling, psychological education, correctional and therapeutic work.

Restorative Outcome Scale by K. Korpela et al. (ROS): adaptation and preliminary psychometric evaluation

2024-09-02T14:39:03+00:00

The concept of recovery is a psychological construct that is widely used in studies of human contact with nature. The construct has a range of interpretations, the most accepted one is cognitive- affective normalization after stress and/or mental fatigue. Among self-report measures of restoration, a distinction is made between restoration effect (recovery experience) and restorativeness (restorative potential of the environment). No instruments have been found to measure the former in the Russian- speaking context, although the construct is useful for studying psychological benefits of contact with nature. In this regard, the purpose of this work is approbation of the Russian version of the Restoration Outcome Scale (ROS, 2008) by K. Korpela et al. The questionnaire is based on the Attention Restoration Theory by R. and S. Kaplan and the Stress Recovery Theory by R. Ulrich. ROS measures the recalled feelings of cognitive-affective restoration. Data from a sample of 120 middle-aged respondents, mainly urban residents, were analyzed. The participants were surveyed about their typical experiences of contact with nature (the contacts were predominantly related to leisure rather than pragmatic activities). Categorical principal component analysis revealed a one-factor structure for the Russian version of the ROS (as well as for the English version). The Cronbach's alpha value is 0.89. Construct validity was supported through predicted correlations with dispositional vitality and nature connectedness measures. Higher ROS rates were revealed in the female group. Limitations of the study are related to the small sample size, gender and age imbalance (more women, only middle-aged respondents) and the increased nature connectedness. The findings indicate the prospects of the questionnaire, which needs further psychometric examination on larger samples.